Thursday, September 2, 2010

Testicular Cancer


Testicular cancer occurs in the testicles (testes), which are located inside the scrotum, a loose bag of skin underneath the penis. The testicles produce male sex hormones and sperm for reproduction.

In the United States, between 7,500 and 8,000 diagnoses of testicular cancer are made each year. Over his lifetime, a man's risk of testicular cancer is roughly 1 in 250 (0.4%). Compared with other types of cancer, testicular cancer is rare. But testicular cancer is the most common cancer in American males between the ages of 15 and 34.

Testicular cancer affects around 2,000 men, mostly young and middle-aged, in the UK each year. It accounts for one or two in 100 cancers in men and is the most treatable of cancers with 95 in 100 men making a full recovery after treatment.

Two main types of testicular cancer are seminomas (cancers that grow slowly and are sensitive to radiation therapy) and nonseminomas (different cell types that grow more quickly than seminomas).

What is seminoma carcinoma of the testis?
Seminoma of the Testicle is a type of testicular cancer.The testes are the male gonads, located within the scrotum. They function in production of sperm (spermatogenesis) and production of sex hormones. The testes actually develop on the posterior surface of the abdominal cavity before migrating to their position in the scrotum, through the inguinal canal, during the 7th month of embryological development.Maldescent of the testes (cryptorchidism) is a risk factor for testicular cancer. It is a common condition of neonatal boys, occurring in up to 30% of premature babies and 5% of term infants. The vast majority will descend spontaneously by the age of 1 year, but no further spontaneous descent will occur beyond this age.

What is non-seminoma carcinoma of the testis?
Non-seminoma carcinoma of the testis is a type of testicular cancer that forms in specialized sex cells called germ cells. Non-seminomas include mixed germ cell tumors (the most common), embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, and yolk sac tumors. About 60 percent of the 6,000 to 8,000 testicular cancers diagnosed each year are non-seminomas. Non-seminoma carcinoma of the testis can occur in one or both testicles. The cure rate is 70 to 95 percent, depending upon how extensively the cancer has spread. Nearly 140,000 men in the United States have survived testicular cancer, according to the American Cancer Society.

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